Санкт-Петербургское издание Корана

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Санкт-Петербургское издание Корана

• Sibgatullina, Gulnaz, “Russian Arabic Edition of the Qurʾān, St. Petersburg, 1787”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Johanna Pink, University of Freiburg.
• Профессор Ефим Резван: Петербургское издание Корана носило мусульманский характер
• Из истории типографских изданий Корана

Russian Arabic Edition of the Qurʾān, St. Petersburg, 1787

(See Early Western Korans Online)

The first printed edition of the Qurʾān in Arabic was published in Russia in 1787, on the orders of Empress Catherine the Great (r. 1762–96). A private publishing house in St. Petersburg that printed this Qurʾān edition also issued a book of prayers comprising selected sūras (Rezvan, Koran i ego mir, 397). Catherine the Great intended to disseminate copies of the Qurʾān and the prayer book among Russia’s “Kyrgyzs,” i.e. the Muslim population of the empire, free of charge. Such steps to address the religious needs of Muslims were part of the empress’s broader policy aimed to transform relations between the Russian state and the religious minority. This policy, among other measures, included an ambitious project of bringing the diverse Muslim population under a single institutionalised system that attempted to emulate Christian ecclesial practices (cf. Crews). The St. Petersburg Qurʾān copies were an asset to Catherine the Great also in foreign affairs, as she sought to enhance her image of an enlightened and just monarch abroad. Although the Qurʾān printing initiative faced fierce opposition from Russian Orthodox Christian missionary circles, the edition underwent five reprints between 1789 and 1798 (Rezvan, Koran i ego mir, 402).

This 485-pages edition exhibits a unique Arabic letter type, created by a certain ʿUthmān Ismāʿīl (d.?) specially for this endeavour. The text of the Qurʾān appears in a simple black frame decorated with small rosettes at the corners. Verses are not numbered but separated from each other by a simple flower symbol. On the margins, the text is accompanied by an extensive commentary composed by the same ʿUthmān Ismāʿīl (Rezvan, Koran i ego mir, 402). The commentary is mostly in Arabic, though there are a few instances of explanations in Persian. The information on the margins discusses aspects pertaining to exegesis and meaning of single words, as well as covers issues related to recitation, such as possible variation in the vocalisation of the text and types of stops (waqf) to be made in the process of recitation (Bulut, 59–75). Page margins also mark indications for prostration and delineate the division of the text into thirty juzʾ. Page numbers are positioned in the upper corners; the left-bottom corner of verso pages contains the first word printed on the following sheet. The supplements to the text include a supplication to be read after having recited the complete Qurʾān and an explanation of sajdat al-tilāwa, prostrations to be performed after the recitation of certain āyās (p. 478), the breakdown of the Qurʾānic text into thirty juzʾ (p. 479), an index of sūras with pagination (pp. 481–4), and a list of misprints (32 in total, p. 485).

Bibliography

Editions

Copies of the 1787 Editions Universitätsbibliothek Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Frey-Gryn A II 53c, www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/doi/10.3931/e-rara-84359;

National Library of Russia (RNB), Otdel literatury stran Azii i Afriki (The Department of Asian and African literature), St. Petersburg, Russia. Shelfmark: Arab 5–68.

Bibliography

Michel W. Albin, Printing of the Qurʾān, in J. D. McAuliffe (ed.), Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, Leiden 2004, 4, 264–76, http://dx.doi.org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00158;

Halime Bulut, Şihâbuddîn Mercânî ve Kazan’da Matbuat dönemi Mushaf çalışmaları, master’s thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul 2019;

Robert D. Crews, For Prophet and Tsar: Islam and empire in Russia and Central Asia, Cambridge 2006;

Anās Khalīdūf, al-Kutub al-ʿarabiyya allati tubiʿat fī Rusiya: 1787–1917, Dubai 2008;

Efim Rezvan, A history of printed editions of the Qur’an, in Mustafa Shah and Muhammad Abdel Haleem (eds.), The Oxford handbook of Qur’anic studies (Oxford 2020), 255–76, https://doi-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199698646.013.39;

Efim Rezvan, Koran i ego mir, St. Petersburg 2001;

Horst Röhling, Koranausgaben im Russischen Buchdruck des 18. Jahrhunderts, in Aloys Ruppel (ed.), Gutenberg Jahrbuch (Mainz 1977), 205–10.

Cite this page

Sibgatullina, Gulnaz, “Russian Arabic Edition of the Qurʾān, St. Petersburg, 1787”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Johanna Pink, University of Freiburg. Consulted online on 19 December 2022 <http://dx.doi.org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_056211>

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• Автор: Редакция сайта; E-mail: feedback@quranacademy.org.
• Библиографическая ссылка: Санкт-Петербургское издание Корана [Электронный ресурс] // QuranAcademy.org: Академия Корана. 2026 г.
• URL: http://ru.quranacademy.org/encyclopedia/article/Санкт-Петербургское издание Корана
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