Аз-Заджжадж
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Аз-Заджжадж الزجاج
Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition / al-Zad̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲
Abū Isḥāḳ Ibrāhīm b. al-Sarī , Arabic grammarian who worked most of his life in Bag̲h̲dād; he was born ca. 230/844 and died in 311/923. He was the main teacher of al-Zad̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲ī [q.v.], who took his nisba from him. Among his other pupils are al-Fārisī, Ibn Wallād and al-Rummānī [q.vv.]. Al-Zad̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲ himself had learnt grammar from both T̲h̲aʿlab and al-Mubarrad [q.vv.], combining in his own teachings what he had learnt from these representatives of both the Baṣran and the Kūfan schools. He may be regarded as the link between the old generations ¶ of Kūfan and Baṣran grammarians and the new grammar that was developed in Bag̲h̲dād in the 4th/10th century under the influence of Greek logic.
Among his writings are a number of lexicographical treatises (e.g. his treatises on the k̲h̲alḳ al-insān and his book on the differences between faʿaltu and afʿaltu ), and an important treatise on diptote and triptote nouns ( K. mā yanṣarif wa-mā lā yanṣarif ed. by H.M. Ḳarāʿa, Cairo 1971), which was the first to present a comprehensive theory of the phenomenon of incomplete declinability. His main work dealt with Ḳurʾānic philology, the Maʿānī ’l-Ḳurʾān (preserved in several manuscripts; the edition by I. al-Abyārī, 3 vols., Beirut 1986 of a work Iʿrab al-Ḳurʾān attributed to al-Zad̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲ probably contains another, later book; cf. Sezgin, GAS, viii, 100, and al-Abyārī’s conclusions in his edition, iii, 1095-1100).
Al-Zad̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲ remained an authority in the history of the Arabic grammatical tradition. His opinions are quoted for instance frequently by al-Rāzī in his Ḳurʾān commentary (more than 500 times, cf. Lagarde’s index s.v., Leiden 1996, 82-3); rather surprisingly, his favourite pupil al-Zad̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲ī does mention him as his teacher, but when he quotes his opinion on complete and incomplete declinability from the K. mā yanṣarif wamā lā yanṣarif ht does so without mentioning his name (cf. Versteegh, 1995, 164, 172, 174).
- Bibliography
Brockelmann, I2, 111-12, S I, 170
Sezgin, GAS, viii, 99-101, ix, 81-2
Ibn al-Anbārī, Nuzha, ed. Amer, Stockholm 1963, 147
Suyūṭī, Bug̲h̲ya, i, 411
Sīrāfī, Ak̲h̲bār, 108
Zubaydī, Ṭabaḳāt al-naḥwiyyīn wa ’l-lug̲h̲awiyyīn, ed. M.A. Ibrāhīm, Cairo 1984, 111-12
Flügel, Die grammatischen Schulen der Araber, Leipzig 1862, 98
S̲h̲awḳī Ḍayf, al-Madāris al-naḥwiyya, Cairo 1968, 135
C. Versteeg̲h̲, The explanation of linguistic causes. Az-Zaǧǧāǧī’s theory of grammar, introduction, translation, commentary, Amsterdam 1995.
- Cite this page
Versteegh, C.H.M., “al-Zad̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j̲”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 10 January 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8062>